‘Adult children in Norway now play a crucial role in helping ageing parents overcome the obstacles that our digitalised society has imposed on them,’ says NOVA researcher and project manager Heidi Gautun.
The number of elderly people in Norway, as in other countries, is increasing. This has led to an increased need for adult children to step up and help their ageing parents to alleviate the pressure on municipal care services.
In the spring of 2022, Gautun and her colleagues initiated a survey to find out more about what adult children helped their parents with and how often it happened. The sample consisted of more than 3000 working adult children aged 45-67 who had one or both parents alive. They were asked whether they provided practical, care or administrative assistance, including digital assistance.
The findings, recently published in the Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies, showed that help to perform tasks online was the most common type of help adult children gave their ageing parents. This includes help to deal with the use of smartphones and online banking, but also to obtain digital information from the public sector.
‘When we know that many older people over the age of 80 have little or no digital competence, it is perhaps not so surprising that the need for help is so great,’ says Gautun.
The study also showed that many of the adult children provided various types of practical help such as house cleaning, doing the laundry, gardening, snow shovelling, shopping for goods, and making inside and outside repairs.
Very few of the children helped with personal care, such as getting in and out of bed, getting dressed and undressed, eating, washing and going to the toilet. These are tasks that the local care services mainly take care of.
We are now seeing a new trend where the digital society is significantly changing the role of daughters and sons as caregivers.– Researcher Heidi Gautun
Older children provide less digital help
When the researchers looked at the children’s ages, they found that digital help for parents differs from other forms of help. Practical help, administrative assistance and care increase with the age of the informants, right up to 67 years of age.
The researchers also found a positive correlation between children’s age and digital help up to the age of 60, but after the age of 60, the analyses show a negative correlation.
Since the early 1980s, research has shown that the most common form of help given by adult children to elderly parents has revolved around practical help.
‘We are now seeing a new trend,’ says Gautun. Digital society is significantly changing the role of daughters and sons as caregivers´.
Many services have become physically inaccessible
Comparisons of OECD countries show that Norway is one of the countries that has gone furthest in digitalising society. For many people, both public and private institutions and services have become physically inaccessible. Contacting institutions and services over the phone has also become more challenging. Phone numbers have become more unavailable, especially for those who are unable to search online, and one usually has to wait a long time to get an answer once the number has been found.
‘There is a danger that many elderly people currently feel a form of digital exclusion,,’ says Gautun.
There is a danger that many elderly people currently feel a form of digital exclusion.– Heidi Gautun
Reports from Ramboll (IT in practice, 2022) and Statistics Norway (Digital vulnerability: Who is at high risk of being excluded?) support this view. Both sources highlight old age as a risk factor for digital exclusion.
Risk factors
The study by Gautun and her colleagues reveals that the health of elderly people, whether they live alone and whether they live in an institution for the elderly are the most important factors that determine whether, and to what extent, their children provide assistance. This applies to all forms of assistance; practical assistance, care, administrative support and help with digital tools.
Among those whose parents lived at home, the parents who received home care services received the most help from their adult children.
‘This can probably be explained by the fact that the parents who were assigned home care services had the greatest needs, but that they did not get what they needed from the home care services,’ says Gautun.
The findings in this study emphasise the family’s role as a central institution providing help and care that the welfare state is unable to deliver, either because of limited capacity or because the needs are not recognised.
‘When people live longer and the population ages, the welfare state can experience problems providing necessary help and care to the elderly. We are then faced with the question of whether adult children with full-time jobs will be able to take care of their parents when they need it,’ Gautun concludes.
About the project
NOVA and AFI at OsloMet, together with the Frisch Centre, are conducting a project called Combining Work and Care for Older Parents (CoWorkCare). The project extends over three years and is funded by the Research Council of Norway. The aim is to obtain knowledge about how caring for elderly parents affects participation in the labour market.
This knowledge will then be communicated to decision-makers responsible for shaping welfare state services and labour market policy. The aim is to contribute knowledge that can be used in planning that makes it possible to combine working life with care for elderly parents.
Reference
Gautun, H & Bratt, C. 2023. Help and Care to Older parents in the Digital Society. Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies (tidskrift.dk).
